Tutorial Ubuntu : Différence entre versions
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| − | == | + | ==Basic Ubuntu Commands== |
===sudo=== | ===sudo=== | ||
| − | * | + | * Meaning : super user |
| − | * | + | * Useful when you want to execute command with all the right. |
| − | * ''' | + | * '''Example :''' |
| − | ** $ sudo reboot : | + | ** $ sudo reboot : Launch the reboot command with the root user right. |
===apt-get=== | ===apt-get=== | ||
| − | * | + | * Meaning : avanced package tool -get |
| − | * | + | * Allows to install and remove package. |
| + | * '''Examples :''' | ||
| + | ** apt-get update : Update packages list. | ||
| + | ** apt-get upgrade : Upgrade every packages already installed. | ||
| + | ** apt-get install package1 package2 : Install package1 and package2. | ||
| + | ** apt-get –purge remove package3 : Remove package3 and every configuration files. | ||
| + | ** cd / : Allows to switch back to the previous folder. | ||
===ls=== | ===ls=== | ||
| − | * | + | * Meaning : list segment |
| − | * | + | * Allows to list directory |
| − | * ''' | + | * '''Examples :''' |
| − | ** ls -a : | + | ** ls -a : display all the hidden folders and directories from the current folder. |
| − | ** ls /etc/ : | + | ** ls /etc/ : Display all the contents from the folder. |
===cd=== | ===cd=== | ||
| − | * | + | * Meaning : change directory |
| − | * | + | * Allows to move into the different folders. |
| − | * ''' | + | * '''Examples :''' |
| − | ** cd : | + | ** cd : Allows to go to the /home/user directory. |
| − | ** cd .. : | + | ** cd .. : Allows to go back to the previous directory. |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
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===mv=== | ===mv=== | ||
| − | * | + | * Meaning : move |
| − | * | + | * Allows to copy files and directories. |
| − | *''' | + | *'''Examples :''' |
| − | ** mv | + | ** mv myFile OneRep/ : Move MyFile into the OneRep directory. |
| − | ** mv | + | ** mv OneRep/myFile : Move MyFile from the OneDir directory to the directory we currently are. |
| − | ** mv | + | ** mv OneRep MyDir : Rename OneRep into MyRep. |
===cp=== | ===cp=== | ||
| − | * | + | * Meaning : copy |
| − | * | + | * Allows to copy files or directories. |
| − | * ''' | + | * '''Examples :''' |
| − | ** cp | + | ** cp myFile subdir/ : Copy MyFile into subdir |
| − | ** cp -r monRep/ | + | ** cp -r monRep/ somewhereelse/ : Copy MyDir directory somewhere else while creating the folder if it doesn't exist yet. |
===rm=== | ===rm=== | ||
| − | * | + | * Meaning : remove |
| − | * | + | * Allows to erase files. |
| − | * ''' | + | * '''Examples :''' |
| − | ** rm | + | ** rm ThisFile : Erase the file ThisFile |
| − | ** rm -rf /tmp/ | + | ** rm -rf /tmp/ThisDir : Erase the /tmp/ThisDir directory and every folders in it. |
===mkdir=== | ===mkdir=== | ||
| − | * | + | * Meaning : make directory |
| − | * | + | * Create an empty folder. |
| − | * ''' | + | * '''Examples :''' |
| − | ** mkdir photos : | + | ** mkdir photos : Create the photos folder. |
| − | ** mkdir -p photos/2005/ | + | ** mkdir -p photos/2005/christmas : Create the christmas directory and if doesn't exist yet, the 2005 and photos directories. |
===rmdir=== | ===rmdir=== | ||
| − | * | + | * Meaning : remove directory |
| − | * | + | * Delete an empty directory. |
| − | * ''' | + | * ''' Example :''' <br> |
| − | ** rmdir | + | ** rmdir ThisDir : Delete ThisDir folder. |
===find=== | ===find=== | ||
| − | * | + | * Meaning : Find |
| − | * | + | * Allows to find files and eventually to execute command on these files. Find command affect the origin directory but also the whole subdirectories in it. |
| − | * ''' | + | * ''' Examples :''' |
| − | ** | + | ** Go into the directory where you want to execute the find command : |
| − | ** find | + | ** find myFile* : Search file starting with "MyFile" |
| − | ** find * | + | ** find *myFile*.ogg : Search file containing "myFile" and with ".ogg" extension. |
| − | == | + | ==Keyboard shortcuts== |
| − | * | + | * Stop all the programs : Alt+Syst+E |
| − | * | + | * Kill all the programs : Alt+Syst+I |
| − | * | + | * Brutal reboot : Alt+Syst+B |
| − | * | + | * Brutal shutdown : Alt+Syst+O |
| − | * | + | * Make appear the windows display : Alt+Espace |
| − | * | + | * "Applications" display : Alt+F1 |
| − | * | + | * Launch command : Alt+F2 |
| − | * | + | * Shut the current opened application : Alt+F4 |
| − | * | + | * Switch to one window to another : Alt+Tab |
| − | * | + | * Go back from one directory : backspace |
| − | * | + | * Go back to the users directory : Alt+Orig |
Version actuelle en date du 2 février 2016 à 10:50
Sommaire
Basic Ubuntu Commands
sudo
- Meaning : super user
- Useful when you want to execute command with all the right.
- Example :
- $ sudo reboot : Launch the reboot command with the root user right.
apt-get
- Meaning : avanced package tool -get
- Allows to install and remove package.
- Examples :
- apt-get update : Update packages list.
- apt-get upgrade : Upgrade every packages already installed.
- apt-get install package1 package2 : Install package1 and package2.
- apt-get –purge remove package3 : Remove package3 and every configuration files.
- cd / : Allows to switch back to the previous folder.
ls
- Meaning : list segment
- Allows to list directory
- Examples :
- ls -a : display all the hidden folders and directories from the current folder.
- ls /etc/ : Display all the contents from the folder.
cd
- Meaning : change directory
- Allows to move into the different folders.
- Examples :
- cd : Allows to go to the /home/user directory.
- cd .. : Allows to go back to the previous directory.
mv
- Meaning : move
- Allows to copy files and directories.
- Examples :
- mv myFile OneRep/ : Move MyFile into the OneRep directory.
- mv OneRep/myFile : Move MyFile from the OneDir directory to the directory we currently are.
- mv OneRep MyDir : Rename OneRep into MyRep.
cp
- Meaning : copy
- Allows to copy files or directories.
- Examples :
- cp myFile subdir/ : Copy MyFile into subdir
- cp -r monRep/ somewhereelse/ : Copy MyDir directory somewhere else while creating the folder if it doesn't exist yet.
rm
- Meaning : remove
- Allows to erase files.
- Examples :
- rm ThisFile : Erase the file ThisFile
- rm -rf /tmp/ThisDir : Erase the /tmp/ThisDir directory and every folders in it.
mkdir
- Meaning : make directory
- Create an empty folder.
- Examples :
- mkdir photos : Create the photos folder.
- mkdir -p photos/2005/christmas : Create the christmas directory and if doesn't exist yet, the 2005 and photos directories.
rmdir
- Meaning : remove directory
- Delete an empty directory.
- Example :
- rmdir ThisDir : Delete ThisDir folder.
find
- Meaning : Find
- Allows to find files and eventually to execute command on these files. Find command affect the origin directory but also the whole subdirectories in it.
- Examples :
- Go into the directory where you want to execute the find command :
- find myFile* : Search file starting with "MyFile"
- find *myFile*.ogg : Search file containing "myFile" and with ".ogg" extension.
Keyboard shortcuts
- Stop all the programs : Alt+Syst+E
- Kill all the programs : Alt+Syst+I
- Brutal reboot : Alt+Syst+B
- Brutal shutdown : Alt+Syst+O
- Make appear the windows display : Alt+Espace
- "Applications" display : Alt+F1
- Launch command : Alt+F2
- Shut the current opened application : Alt+F4
- Switch to one window to another : Alt+Tab
- Go back from one directory : backspace
- Go back to the users directory : Alt+Orig