Tutorial Ubuntu

Basic Ubuntu Commands

sudo

• Meaning : super user
• Useful when you want to execute command with all the right.
• Example :
  • $ sudo reboot : Launch the reboot command with the root user right.

apt-get

• Meaning : avanced package tool -get
• Allows to install and remove package.
• Examples :
  • apt-get update : Update packages list.
  • apt-get upgrade : Upgrade every packages already installed.
  • apt-get install package1 package2 : Install package1 and package2.
  • apt-get –purge remove package3 : Remove package3 and every configuration files.
  • cd / : Allows to switch back to the previous folder.

ls

• Meaning : list segment
• Allows to list directory
• Examples :
  • ls -a : display all the hidden folders and directories from the current folder.
  • ls /etc/ : Display all the contents from the folder.

cd

• Meaning : change directory
• Allows to move into the different folders.
• Examples :
  • cd : Allows to go to the /home/user directory.
  • cd .. : Allows to go back to the previous directory.

mv

• Meaning : move
• Allows to copy files and directories.
• Examples :
  • mv myFile OneRep/ : Move MyFile into the OneRep directory.
  • mv OneRep/myFile : Move MyFile from the OneDir directory to the directory we currently are.
  • mv OneRep MyDir : Rename OneRep into MyRep.

cp

• Meaning : copy
• Allows to copy files or directories.
• Examples :
  • cp myFile subdir/ : Copy MyFile into subdir
  • cp -r monRep/ somewhereelse/ : Copy MyDir directory somewhere else while creating the folder if it doesn't exist yet.

rm

• Meaning : remove
• Allows to erase files.
• Examples :
  • rm ThisFile : Erase the file ThisFile
  • rm -rf /tmp/ThisDir : Erase the /tmp/ThisDir directory and every folders in it.

mkdir

• Meaning : make directory
• Create an empty folder.
• Examples :
  • mkdir photos : Create the photos folder.
  • mkdir -p photos/2005/christmas : Create the christmas directory and if doesn't exist yet, the 2005 and photos directories.

rmdir

• Meaning : remove directory
• Delete an empty directory.
• Example :
  
  • rmdir ThisDir : Delete ThisDir folder.

find

• Meaning : Find
• Allows to find files and eventually to execute command on these files. Find command affect the origin directory but also the whole subdirectories in it.
• Examples :
  • Go into the directory where you want to execute the find command :
  • find myFile* : Search file starting with "MyFile"
  • find *myFile*.ogg : Search file containing "myFile" and with ".ogg" extension.

Keyboard shortcuts

• Stop all the programs : Alt+Syst+E
• Kill all the programs : Alt+Syst+I
• Brutal reboot : Alt+Syst+B
• Brutal shutdown : Alt+Syst+O
• Make appear the windows display : Alt+Espace
• "Applications" display : Alt+F1
• Launch command : Alt+F2
• Shut the current opened application : Alt+F4
• Switch to one window to another : Alt+Tab
• Go back from one directory : backspace
• Go back to the users directory : Alt+Orig